Variables Definitions

1. P-value: A statistical measure that helps researchers assess the evidence against a null hypothesis. In this context, it represents the p-value associated with the comparison of means between two groups.
2. Number of Participants in Group 1: The total number of individuals or data points in the first group.
3. Number of Participants in Group 2: The total number of individuals or data points in the second group.
4. Mean Difference (MD): The difference in means between the two groups. It represents the numerical gap between the average values of the two groups.
5. Standard Deviation (SD) Result: The calculated standard deviation based on the provided p-value and other information.

Conversion Formula

The conversion process involves the following steps:

1. Calculate the t-value from the P-value:

   

2. Calculate the Standard Error (SE):

   

3. Calculate the Standard Deviation (SD):

   

4. **Formula Reference - Cochrane Handbook**